Indicators of complexity in mental health among people with intellectual disabilities: prevalence and key characteristics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67799/prolepsis.2026.13.1.04Keywords:
intellectual disability, mental health, complexity indicators, prevalence, psychotropic medicationAbstract
Background: People with intellectual disabilities (ID) are highly vulnerable to mental health disorders, which are often underdiagnosed due to diagnostic overshadowing or communication difficulties. This study estimated the prevalence and indicators of complexity in mental health (formal diagnosis, behavioural disorders and use of psychotropic medication) among adults with ID in Castilla y León. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted across 25 Plena inclusión organisations. Data collection was based on two questionnaires completed by professionals regarding 4,715 service users. Results: 34% (n = 1,604) met at least one inclusion criterion. Of the expanded sample (n = 1,393), 35.5% had a formal diagnosis of mental illness, 56.3% exhibited severe behavioural disturbances and 95% were taking psychotropic medication. Significant associations were found between severe behavioural disturbances and the absence of a formal diagnosis, as well as with the use of psychotropic drugs; however, no association was found between a formal diagnosis and the prescription of such drugs. Conclusion: There is evidence of high rates of psychotropic medication prescription and a disconnect between behavioural disturbances and formal diagnosis. It is a priority to improve detection, clinical assessment and social and healthcare coordination in order to provide comprehensive support that avoids addressing behavioural or emotional complexity solely through pharmacological intervention.
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